Continuing my read-through of the Classic Traveller wargames, Dark Nebula was published in 1980 and covers a war between the Solomani and the Aslan over about two subsectors of space, including one difficult-to-traverse nebula. Turns are two years of in-universe time, each hex is half a parsec, naval units represent individual ships, and ground units are divisions.
Overall the core of this game looks pretty reasonable. The space combat system is kinda neat. The defender nominates a ship, the attacker chooses one of their ships to engage it, and then this repeats until one side is out of uncommitted ships, at which point the side with more ships left uncommitted can assign them as they please to the various 1:1 ship combats already committed to. Once ships are matched up, the resolution of each of these combats looks pretty straightforward.
I think what I like about this fleet combat design is that there are lots of significant choices (what order to nominate and assign your ships in) but little mechanical complexity. In general this seems like a desirable property in a game. And at the scale this game is operating at, "where do you assign which assets" probably is the right question to be posing to players.
I'm also tickled by the inclusion of tanker-ships, really mobile refineries that you can park in systems without gas giants to skim hydrogen off of the star and refine it into fuel, allowing that system to be traversed by other ships without delays. I love me some logistics-infrastructure-construction.
One thing here that I found a bit surprising was that moving ships can move as far as they want on the hex maps as long as they're moving along jump routes between systems with fuel available, until they enter a system that lacks fuel or where there's an enemy presence (or is in the nebula and requires exploration). It makes some sense under the time-per-turn assumptions and the scale of the map, but "move as far as you want" still made me stop and think. It almost has a railroad-war feeling, like the American Civil War or World War 1, rather than an open-water naval warfare feeling. Maybe that's always been true of naval warfare under Traveller's assumptions and I just never realized it.
There are a couple of other surprising things in Dark Nebula. It feels like a somewhat experimental game; there's tech progress from research in the titular nebula, semi-randomized initial boardstate due to the map placement procedure, and neutral forces with reaction rolls, potentially hostile or potentially hireable. I definitely didn't expect randomization of map layout in a Traveller game set in the Third Imperium continuity. Some weirdness arises from this - the maps have hex numbers seemingly from a much bigger hexmap, which are very unlikely to end up getting put together into a sensible order during the alternating placement procedure. I appreciate that the scan quality is good enough to read the hex numbers though!
There are also a couple of other things about the maps which are weird, and not in a great way. The star density on them is rather lower than is typical for Traveller. Several of these quarter-subsector maps only have four stars in them, and the densest have eight. In a typical Traveller subsector, I'd expect more like 40 systems, or 10 per average map on this scale. I'm not sure how well the balance of unit production against destruction would scale up to higher-density maps and owning more planets. Also, having a much higher-density graph of systems might lose some of that railroad-war feel and change the character of the game significantly. Finally, the way Dark Nebula handles ground forces on planets is that there's a box in an empty hex adjacent to each inhabited system, representing the surface of the planet, and you put troop counters there. But this would not scale well to higher-density maps. The quality of infrastructure in these inhabited systems is also denoted by the color of the planet's box, which is a bit lousy - printing your own copy of the map requires color, you have to remember what the colors mean, colorblindness problems, etc. Frankly I found the color-coding confusing on first read and first look at the map; the icons for the stars use random colors not related to the color coding for the system's infrastructure quality. They're probably supposed to relate to stellar spectrum class but that's not relevant here and we're already gone non-canonical with the random map so... I don't know why they did that, rather than making the stars the same color as their respective planet boxes.
The lack of compatibility between Dark Nebula's maps and Traveller RPG subsector maps (both in scale and density) also highlights another oddity here - Dark Nebula is the first Traveller wargame I've read that makes no mention of integration with the RPG. It does seem like integrating a game where turns are two years of in-universe time would be tough, but I was surprised that there was nothing. I didn't expect much of Invasion: Earth, but we still got one good patron hook there.
What I didn't realize when I initially read Dark Nebula (not until halfway through writing this post and getting kind of suspicious that the combat system seemed much more staid than the rest of the game) was that it was a clear successor to Imperium, published in 1977. I've only skimmed Imperium, but it looks like it shared the 2-year turn, combat system, turn structure, etc but is played on a fixed map, with slightly more complex fleet compositions including fighters and carriers, and some neat rules about armistices / inter-war periods (allowing the game to be played in a campaign fashion) and interaction between the Imperial player (playing as a frontier governor, not the emperor) and the Third Imperium. Notably, Imperium does mostly omit tech progress and lacks neutral forces. Like Dark Nebula, it foregoes any mention of integration with the Traveller RPG (which made more sense in 1977) and still uses the system of planetary surface boxes in adjacent empty hexes. I may return to Imperium at some point, but given that my interest is at least nominally in RPG integration, I think it may have to wait.
My blind spot for Imperium and trying to understand Dark Nebula's place in the chronology of CT wargames also caused me to take a quick look at 1981's Fifth Frontier War. This looks like a monster of a game, bringing together the multi-subsector scale of Imperium and Dark Nebula with some details like SDBs and percentage-based damage to units from Invasion: Earth, but with a greater eye towards RPG integration. First and foremost, hexes in Fifth Frontier War are one parsec rather than Imperium's half-parsec, and turns in Fifth Frontier War are only one week! But this means that it can't just abstract starship movement into "move as far as you want this turn", so you have to deal with more details. And fixed maps allowed Fifth Frontier War to put planetary surface boxes around the edges of the board, rather than right next to the systems they're associated with (which, admittedly, might create some difficulty in locating any particular box), allowing it to increase star system density up towards that typical of Traveller RPG campaigns. Fifth Frontier War looks tremendously ambitious and hideously fiddly, and I can't imagine why it was the last Classic Traveller boxed-set hex and counter wargame. At the same time I salute the dream of having a metagame world-engine wargame to run concurrently with one's RPG campaign and I look forward to learning its lessons on a more thorough read/post at some point.
